George S. Patton Jr.

Wars and Battles, 1885-1945

One of the most complex military men of American history, General George Smith Patton Jr. was born November 11, 1885, in San Gabriel, California. Patton is regarded as one of the most successful United States field commanders of any war. He continually strove to train his troops to the highest standards. As a general, he was known for his severe manner and for packing ivory-handled pistols.

Patton’s youth

As a youth, Patton determined that his goal in life was to become a hero. His ancestors had fought in America’s greatest wars, the War for Independence, Mexican, and Civil wars, and he was enthralled by the stories of their valiant and victorious deeds. Patton attended the Virginia Military Institute for a year and went on to graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point on June 11, 1909. Patton was then commissioned a second lieutenant in the 15th cavalry Regiment.

Patton married Beatrice Ayer, whom he dated while at West Point, on May 26, 1910. When they vowed to love, honor, and obey, they both meant every word of it. Beatrice and George met for the first time when they were children, on Catalina Island off the California Coast. A family member said, "Neither of them ever had another sweetheart." Beatrice saw the potential for greatness in George and was devoted to him. Early on, she made up her mind that she would be a soldier's wife, dedicating her life to him and his career. Inspired by Beatrice, George had to prove he was worthy of her love and that she deserved only a man who could achieve the highest goals.

Patton represented the United States at the Stockholm Olympics in the first Modern Pentathlon in 1912, doing well overall and especially well in the shooting portion. After the Olympics, Patton took lessons at the French Cavalry School and studied French sword drills. In the summer of 1913, Patton received orders to report to the commandant of the Mounted Service School at Fort Riley, Kansas. Patton became the school's first Master of the Sword. While still a student at the school, Patton designed and taught a course in swordsmanship.

Patton's first exposure to battle occurred while he was deployed under General John J. Pershing in Mexico during a 1915 expedition. In 1916, he accompanied Pershing as an aide on his expedition against Francisco "Pancho" Villa into Mexico. Patton rose in the ranks quickly. Pershing was impressed by Patton’s determination, and Patton was promoted to captain, to command Pershing’s Headquarters Troop upon their return from Mexico.

World War I

Patton became the first member of the newly established United States Tank Corps, where he served until the unit was abolished in 1920. He took full command of the corps, directed ideas, procedures and even the design of their uniforms. Along with British tankmen, he and his men achieved victory at Cambria, France, during the world's first major tank battle in 1917. Tapping his first-hand knowledge of tanks, Patton organized the American tank school in Bourg, France, and trained the first 500 American tankers. The corps fielded 345 tanks at the Meuse-Argonne Operation in September 1918. Commanding from the front lines, he maintained communications with the rear command post with pigeons and a group of runners. Patton was shot three times in the leg after continually exposing himself to gunfire, which earned him the Distinguished Service Cross for Heroism, one of his many medals.

Patton saw battle tanks as the future of modern ground combat, and was an outspoken advocate. Congress, however, was not willing to appropriate funds to build a large armored force. Patton continued to study and wrote extensively on the subject. He conducted experiments to improve radio communications between tanks. He also helped to invent the co-axial tank mount for cannons and machine guns. After World War I, Patton held a variety of staff jobs in Hawaii and Washington, D.C. He graduated from the Command and General Staff School in 1924, and completed his military schooling as a distinguished graduate of the Army War College in 1932.

World War II

When the German Blitzkrieg flashed over Europe, beginning in 1939, Patton was determined to convince Congress that America needed armored and mobile tanks. He succeeded; the Armored Force was created in 1940. Patton was transferred to the Second Armored Division at Fort Benning, Georgia, and named commanding general on April 11, 1941. Two months later, Patton appeared on the cover of Life magazine. Also during that time, Patton began to deliver his famous "Blood and Guts" speeches in a specially built amphitheater.

A year after the Pearl Harbor attack, Patton commanded the Western Task Force for Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of North Africa. During the invasion of Sicily in July 1943, Patton commanded the Seventh Army in conjunction with the British Eighth Army in the Italian Campaign, which restored Sicily and Italy to its citizens.

Under General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Patton was given command of the Third Army in France from which Patton and his troops dashed across Europe after the Battle of Normandy and exploited German weaknesses with great surprise and success. The Third Army also performed brilliantly in the Battle of the Bulge, rescuing the besieged Bastogne. They covered 600 miles, chasing the Germans across France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia. Patton slowed down when the Third Army liberated the Buchenwald concentration camp. He established a policy, later emulated by other commanders, of compelling local German civilians to walk through the camps to witness what had happened in them. The Third Army had liberated or conquered 81,522 square miles of territory by the time World War II was over.

Patton assumed command of the 15th Army in American-occupied Germany In October 1945. On December 9, he was injured in an automobile accident, dying 12 days later, on December 21, 1945. Patton's remains are buried among the soldiers who died in the Battle of the Bulge, in Hamm, Luxembourg.

Patton is now considered one of the greatest military figures in history. The 1970 film, "Patton," starring George C. Scott, provoked new interest in Patton. The movie won seven Academy Awards, including Best Actor and Best Picture, and immortalized General George Smith Patton Jr. as one of the world's most intriguing military men.